This brief covers the trailing ~48 hours (October 23–25, 2026). Every item below was checked against its primary source — the CISA KEV catalog (via NVD’s KEV fields), CVE.org/NVD records, and vendor or project advisories — and only developments dated inside the window are included in the main section.
CISA KEV: Arista VeloCloud Orchestrator SQL injection (CVE-2026-114625) actively exploited, federal deadline October 26
CISA / Arista · October 23, 2026
CISA added CVE-2026-114625 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on October 23 with a three-day remediation deadline of October 26. The flaw is a SQL injection (CWE-89) in on-premises Arista VeloCloud Orchestrator (VCO) rated CVSS 3.1 9.9 / CVSS 4.0 9.4; an attacker with network access to the VCO web interface and any authenticated session (Enterprise Read Only is sufficient) can reach internal-only functionality and masquerade as a local “superuser operator.” Affected trains are VCO 5.2.x before 5.2.3.18, 6.1.x before 6.1.3.10, and 6.4.x before 6.4.2.12; fixed releases are available and Arista’s hosted and dedicated VCO instances were patched earlier. Arista’s advisory (SA-0199, published October 22) says the issue was detected internally and is under active exploitation, and publishes two attacker IPs, 74.82.197[.]86 and 38.54.50[.]151. This is the third VCO flaw to reach KEV since July 2026.
“This issue was detected by Arista and is known to be actively exploited.” — Arista Networks Security Advisory 0199
Source: Arista Security Advisory 0199 · NVD CVE-2026-114625 · CISA alert · The Hacker News
CISA KEV: Collabora Online Built-in CODE Server command injection (CVE-2026-110447) used to backdoor Nextcloud servers
CISA / CVE.org · October 23, 2026
Also added to KEV on October 23 (due October 26) is CVE-2026-110447, a CVSS 4.0 9.2 OS command injection (CWE-78) in the Collabora Online Built-in CODE Server Nextcloud app (richdocumentscode) before 26.4.303. The bug lives in proxy.php and is reachable by unauthenticated attackers when the bundled CODE server is not running, for example right after a restart; standalone Collabora Online deployments are not affected. The CVE record states the flaw was exploited in the wild in September and October 2026 and is distinct from the earlier CVE-2025-66208. Reported intrusions have planted web shells on Nextcloud hosts and gone after credential stores, password-manager artifacts and cryptocurrency wallets. The fix (26.4.303) shipped in September; administrators who cannot update should remove the app.
“Collabora Online Built-in CODE Server before 26.4.303 (richdocumentscode), a Nextcloud app, allows remote code execution, as exploited in the wild in September and October 2026.” — CVE-2026-110447 record (MITRE)
Source: CVE.org CVE-2026-110447 · NVD · CISA alert · Security Affairs
PHP flags a third RCE vector (CVE-2026-115560) with no patch as PHP2Shell exploitation attempts reach the millions
PHP Project · October 23, 2026
Two days after shipping emergency fixes for the “PHP2Shell” pair (CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619, both CVSS 4.0 9.2 per PHP, with NVD scoring CVE-2026-109618 at 9.8 under CVSS 3.1; fixed in PHP 8.5.12, 8.4.27, 8.3.36 and 8.2.35), the PHP project published an informational advisory for CVE-2026-115560, an additional, unpatched remote code execution vector it rates unlikely. It is reachable only when an application configures session.serialize_handler as php_binary or php_serialize, switches it to php at runtime via ini_set() before session_start(), and leaves session upload progress enabled. The fix will arrive in the next regular bugfix release; the mitigation is session.upload_progress.enabled=0, which was already recommended on October 21. Meanwhile exploitation of the original pair is widespread: Cloudflare reported millions of attempts within a day of disclosure, Cisco Talos and others see mostly scanning plus uncoordinated payload delivery including a Mirai-derived botnet, and Amazon Threat Intelligence says its honeypots first observed exploitation on October 17, four days before the patches. Neither PHP2Shell CVE carried CISA KEV fields in NVD as of October 24.
“We suggest you set session.upload_progress.enabled=0 until the next regular bugfix release, to fully protect from an unlikely RCE vector.” — PHP project, informational advisory
Source: PHP announcement (Oct 23) · PHP security advisory (Oct 21) · NVD CVE-2026-109618 · The Hacker News · BleepingComputer
LiteLLM traces its poisoned 1.107.0 release to a master key leaked in May and never revoked
LiteLLM · October 23, 2026
LiteLLM published the root-cause analysis of the October 21 supply-chain compromise that pushed a malicious litellm==1.107.0 to PyPI and poisoned Docker Hub and GHCR images (tags v1.107.0, latest, main-latest, main-stable) for roughly two hours before PyPI quarantined the release. The chain started on May 27, 2026, when a configuration file holding an internal Agent Platform master key was committed to a public repository and force-pushed over without the key being revoked. On October 10 the attacker used it to extract a GitHub CLI OAuth token tied to an organization owner, ran malicious workflows to harvest maintainer secrets, then on October 21 overrode branch protection and pointed the release pipeline at a lookalike “Berri-AI/litellm” repository. The payload executes on Python startup even if LiteLLM is never imported, exfiltrates credentials to litellm[.]dev, and installs an hourly backdoor on Unix hosts. LiteLLM is rotating every token tied to its internal and vendor systems; users who ran the affected artifacts should rebuild hosts rather than only remove the package, and rotate any credentials present.
“However, key revocation did not occur for the master key.” — Oliver Jensen and Mateo Wang, LiteLLM
Source: LiteLLM: The attack chain behind the v1.107.0 release · LiteLLM incident post · The Hacker News · BleepingComputer
Ruby 4.0.9, 3.4.12 and 3.3.13 fix the Onigmo regex bugs behind four critical GitLab RCEs, including CVSS 10.0 CVE-2026-110264
Ruby Project · October 23, 2026
The Ruby core team released 4.0.9, 3.4.12 and 3.3.13 to fix three regular-expression compilation bugs in the Onigmo engine that underlie GitLab’s CVE-2026-89078, CVE-2026-93577, CVE-2026-97229 and CVE-2026-110264. The newest, CVE-2026-110264 (CVSS 3.1 10.0, CWE-190 integer overflow), lets an unauthenticated attacker execute arbitrary code on a GitLab server via a crafted regular expression and affects every GitLab CE/EE release from 7.0 up to the October 21 patch releases (18.11.13, 19.0.10, 19.1.9, 19.2.9, 19.3.6, 19.4.3, 19.5.1). Ruby has not requested its own CVE IDs and notes that the exposure is not GitLab-specific: any application that compiles a regex from attacker-controlled text is affected, and Regexp.timeout offers no protection. Ruby 3.2 and earlier are end-of-life and will not be fixed. None of the four GitLab CVEs is in CISA KEV; GitLab has published detection rules for self-managed administrators.
“Regexp.timeout does not protect against these bugs.” — Ruby project announcement
Source: Ruby: Regexp compilation fixes · CVE.org CVE-2026-110264 · GitLab 19.5.1 patch release · The Hacker News
Brotli decoder overflow (CVE-2026-111497) behind the Node.js “Node2Shell” RCE spreads to Bun, Python, Envoy and Istio
Google / Node.js / NVD · October 24, 2026
The CVSS 4.0 9.2 out-of-bounds write in Google’s Brotli decoder (versions 1.0.3 through 1.2.0; fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1) that Node.js patched on October 21 (22.23.4, 24.22.1, 26.12.1) is now confirmed to reach far beyond Node. Downstream advisories published inside the window cover Bun (fixed in 1.4.4), the Python Brotli and brotlicffi packages (PYSEC-2026-4322/4323, fixed in 1.2.1 and 1.2.1.0), Envoy and Istio when Brotli decompression is enabled, Debian 13 (brotli 1.1.0-2+deb13u1) and the oss-security list. Imperva’s Red Team has demonstrated code execution against an unmodified Node.js 24.22.0 Linux arm64 build via both the request-body path (Express 5 / body-parser 2) and fetch() of a br response, though it has not released exploit code and the result is build-specific. NVD’s CISA SSVC assessment still records exploitation as “none” and the CVE is not in KEV. Where updating is not yet possible, reject Content-Encoding: br at the edge and disable automatic Brotli decoding in HTTP clients; in Python, uninstalling the packages removes the exposure.
“Imperva Red Team demonstrated remote code execution against the official vulnerable Node.js build.” — Ron Masas, Imperva
Source: Node.js October 2026 security releases · NVD CVE-2026-111497 · Google Brotli releases · Imperva: Node2Shell · The Hacker News
Still developing
HPE patches eight CVSS 10.0 unauthenticated RCE and auth-bypass flaws in Aruba AOS-8 and AOS-10
HPE · October 22, 2026
HPE’s advisory HPESBNW05162 fixes 72 ArubaOS vulnerabilities across mobility conductors, controllers, gateways and access points, eight of them rated CVSS 3.1 10.0: CVE-2026-79844, -79845, -79847 and -79851 (authentication bypass and unauthenticated buffer overflows leading to RCE in AOS-10, including the PAPI protocol) and CVE-2026-79846, -79848, -79849 and -79850 (unauthenticated command injection, SQL injection and auth bypass in AOS-8). CVE-2026-79844 affects AOS-10 10.8.0.0–10.8.1.1, 10.7.0.0–10.7.2.6 and 10.4.0.0–10.4.1.13. HPE says it is not aware of public exploit code or in-the-wild exploitation; none of the CVEs is in KEV. Interim guidance is to confine CLI and web management interfaces to a dedicated management VLAN behind layer-3 firewall policy.
“HPE Networking is not aware of any public discussion or exploit code that targets the listed vulnerabilities.” — HPE, as quoted by BleepingComputer
Source: HPE Security Bulletin HPESBNW05162 · CVE.org CVE-2026-79844 · BleepingComputer
Quest Diagnostics reports unauthorized access to Quanum LSM with patient records believed accessed
Quest Diagnostics (SEC Form 8-K) · October 22, 2026
Quest Diagnostics filed an 8-K (Item 8.01) disclosing that on October 21 it learned of unauthorized access to Quanum LSM, the platform clients use to order tests and view results, and that it believes an unauthorized party accessed certain patient records. Quest took the system offline and temporarily paused Essential Insights and LabHQ, directing customers to paper requisitions or Quanum eLabs. The scope and data types remain under investigation, no count of affected individuals has been given, and no threat group has claimed the intrusion. Quest says business operations and its ability to serve patients were not materially disrupted.
“…the Company believes that an unauthorized party accessed certain patient records.” — Quest Diagnostics, Form 8-K
Source: Quest Diagnostics Form 8-K · BleepingComputer
Kaspersky: APT41 “BlackX” UEFI bootkit revives BlackLotus to bypass Secure Boot on Windows hosts missing DBX revocations
Kaspersky GReAT · October 22, 2026
Kaspersky researchers Georgy Kucherin, Vladimir Nestor and Vasily Berdnikov describe BlackX, a UEFI bootkit used against diplomatic organizations in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in early 2026 and attributed with medium confidence to China-linked APT41. BlackX exploits the long-patched CVE-2022-21894 (“Baton Drop”, CVSS 4.4) to run before the OS on systems where administrators have not applied Microsoft’s manual Secure Boot revocations, installs Machine Owner Keys, loads a kernel driver signed with a since-revoked certificate to tamper with endpoint security, and deploys a RAT that uses Google Drive, OneDrive and Yandex.Disk for command and control. Kaspersky notes that the “Windows Production PCA 2011” certificate expired on October 19, 2026, yet still loads vulnerable binaries unless it is added to the DBX blocklist.
“Having examined it, we found it to be similar to BlackLotus.” — Kaspersky GReAT
Source: Kaspersky Securelist: BlackX · The Hacker News · BleepingComputer
This brief covers the trailing ~48 hours (October 23–25, 2026).
Primary sources: CISA KEV catalog · Arista SA-0199 · NVD CVE-2026-114625 · CVE-2026-110447 · PHP announcements · NVD CVE-2026-109618 · LiteLLM root-cause post · Ruby regexp fixes · CVE-2026-110264 · Node.js security releases · NVD CVE-2026-111497 · Imperva Node2Shell · HPE HPESBNW05162 · Quest Diagnostics 8-K · Kaspersky Securelist